Gallen–Trogen railway, Appenzeller Bahnen, Switzerland Maximum gradient on the rope-hauled section is 26% between Romagna and S. The maximum gradient on adhesion is 8% between Vetta Scorcola and Cologna stops. Mixed adhesion and rope-hauled operation. Between Coonoor (ONR) and Udagamandalam (UAM), the train is operated by a YDM4 diesel locomotive using conventional rail adhesion principles. The average gradient in this rack section is 1 in 24.5 (4.08%), with a maximum of 1 in 12 (8.33%). The steam locomotives are marshalled at the downhill (Mettupalayam) end of the train. Possibly the steepest incline on a metre-gauge railway in Asia. Nilgiri Mountain Railway, Tamil Nadu, India Located in the block of Southwest Harrison Street between 1st Avenue and 2nd Avenue The steepest incline on a 3 ft narrow-gauge railway in Canada, the BC Forest Discovery Centre is a Forestry and Logging Museum that runs a tourist train, using a combination of steam locomotives and diesel locomotives, usually with trains consisting of 1-3 coaches in length, as well as motor cars.Ĭinci Drumuri–Pădurii, Iași Tramways, Iași, RomaniaĪ and B Loop and NS Line of the Portland Streetcar system, Portland, Oregon, United States The list below is of some of the steepest gradients on adhesion railways, in order of decreasing steepness:Ĭalçada de São Francisco, Lisbon Tramways, PortugalĬass Scenic Railway, West Virginia, United Statesįormer logging railway, steepest non-electrified adhesion railwayĮstrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão, BrazilĪllentown light rail line, Pittsburgh, United StatesīC Forest Discovery Centre, Duncan, B.C., Canada For freight trains, gradients should be as gentle as possible, preferably below 1.5%. High-speed railways commonly allow 2.5% to 4% because the trains must be strong and have many wheels with power to reach very high speeds. Metros and pure commuter railways often also allow steeper gradients, over 4%, for the same reason. This is because all wheels are usually connected to engine power in order to give better acceleration. Tramways and light railways often have steeper gradients than heavier railways. by the Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man. To help with braking on the descent, a non-load-bearing "brake rail" located between the running rails can be used, similar to the rail used in the Fell system, e.g. These include simple rail adhesion, rack railways and cable inclines (including rail mounted water tanks to carry barges). There have been various solutions to hauling rail mounted vehicles up or down inclines. Braking when travelling downhill is also a limiting factor. However the maximum feasible gradient is limited by how much of a load the locomotive(s) can haul upwards. You are going to be dead shortly.The inclusion of steep gradients on railways avoids the expensive engineering work required to produce more gentle gradients. 45 you are unlikely to get up and running again. If you get hit in the lower back/spine/buttocks by a. We really need to know out of the zig-zag how many hits were on the legs and buttocks on all the above. 45 ACP) and ditching the 9mm, I think a straight line to concealment or cover is the best thing unless you are running through a forest. So, condsidering what most police carry and now what most criminals are starting to carry (.40 S&W and. I have seen and read about people still running and fighting after being hit by 9mm, but, the stories of that after. They had almost immediate and the best medical care after being shot. Basically both died from blood loss and trama to their arteries in the lower abdomen. Last year we had two police officers killed by by two different criminals by. 380 if it is not center mass/head, you are very unlikely to survive a. While the information is reasonable, it certainly does not look professional. It would be advisable for someone who is consulting to apply basic communication skills as it improves the authority of the consultant. Generally some form of spell check software is a good idea as it also can be used to check grammar rules. Regarding the article, “Active Shooter’s Incidents,” by Luis Rivera CONCID Security and Terrorism Consultant, would have been far more effective if the basics of simple English skills in communication had been followed. For example (and given the poor accuracy of these shooters I certainly hope none of them were prior military) where is the study link so that readers can see it for themselves?Īs a trained researcher details such as the age of the runners, running surface and environmental conditions, why 30 yards, why different numbers of rounds fired, are your stated percentages mean, median, or average, what was shooter accuracy for a fixed target… these details really do matter if your goal is to educate. Regarding the “study” presented by Nick Gillick – I know this is not a formal presentation, but still – for any study to have any merit far more detail is required.
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